Crushing and grinding machine



Nov. 1, 1932.

o. GAISER CRUSHIHG AND GRINDING MACHINE Filed Oct. 1, 1929 lnmer z/vr:

WML, v- M I A A Patented Nov. 1, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE- OTTO GAISER, OF AUGSIBURG, GERMANY. ASSIGNOIB, '10 FIRM ALPINE AKTIEN-GESELL- SCHAFT M ACEINENFABRIK & EISENGIESSEREI, OF L'U GSB'UBG-GOGGINGEN', GER- MANY GRUSHING AND GRINDING MACHINE App1ication filed October 1, 1929. Serial No. 886,511.

1concernedwith novel lubricating provisions and features relative thereto.

I very much, among other things,

4 limited by Mills of the high speed rotary" type, are used for various industrial purposes, chiefly for crushing and, grinding, or rather to say, powderizing a variety of chemicals and other materials. The grade of powder, depends on'the speed of .the machine. A number of important problems arise in connection with the lubrication of such a machine. The speed, in the ordinary, known type of mill, is greatly the danger of dust or powder from the grinding chamber entering the lubricating system and thereby the bearings. It is, course, apparent that the bearings would wear out very be made to separate the lubrication arrangement entirely from the grinding chamber.

However, there is also the danger of oil entering the grinding chamber and mixing there with the chemicals. In certain cases this. may lead to disaster, in nearly all cases it leads to spoilation of the substance to be p grinded.

The invention, described in the present application, aims to avoid the above mentioned disadvantages of known mills, and discloses a number of novel features which make for higher efficiency of the machine,

One object of the invention relates to provisions for definite oil circulation, feeding oil automatically from .acommon oil chamber to a plurality of bearings, forcing the circulation of the oil until the same again returns to the common reservoir.

Another object resides in provisions for preventing oil or oil-fumes from entering the grinding chamber.

A further object of the invention is concerned with provisions attached to the rotating parts of the machine for definitely preventlng dust and powder particles within the grinding chamber from entering the lubrieating system.

There are numerous other objects coincident to the ones mentioned, which will be fast and that provislons must particularly explainedv in the detailed description of the invention which is yet to follow.

' The invention is illustrated in the appended single sheet of drawings, which shows a cross section of-a grinding and crushing mill of the high speed type, embodyingthe features and the objects which are comprlsed 1 in my invention. The drawing,- it will be understood, is a schematical representation of a machine of a certain type and is presented for the purpose of illustrating one form of carrying out the invention, without, of course, covering all possibilities. There are other manners of reducing the invention to practice, which I shall not enter into at all. Accordingly necessary for its understanding have been omitted for the sake of convenience and clarity. In the following detailed description, reference will be made to the general structure of the machine only when necessary for illustrating the operation or structure of arts and details relating to the invention.

It will be advisable, to furnish first a brief account of the general operation of the machine, understood on the ground of this knowledge. The machine consists, of a base '25, 'on

whch are mounted the frame parts 26, 27'

and 28. These frame parts carry, respectively, the shaft bearing apparatus, and they form the chamber 16 which is closed at the upper end by a frame member 29. Mounted on ball bearings 11 and 13 is a shaft 1, which, at the front end carries the grinding head 4, attached to it by means of the nut 31. The grinding head 4: carries a number of grinding pins 32 which, during rotation of the shaft 1, mesh with the stationary grinding pins 17 mounted in supports 52 on the front frame 80. The material which it is desired to crush or grind to powder is put into the grinding machine 16' at 50 through an opening at the front of the machine, whereupon the shaft, and with it the grinding head 4, is set to revolve at high speed.

I want to have it understoodf that the example which is being described and explained does not cover the entire field.

Parts not relating to the invention or not so that the invention may be better- By the action of the grinding pins 17 and 32, the material will be powderized and then removed in some convenient fashion from the chamber 16. Numeral 20 indicates part of a driving mechanism for rotating the shaft 1.

The detailed description, particularly with reference to the subject matter and to the scope of the invention, will now be proceeded with.

The shaft 1 which is mounted between the non-frictional bearings 11 and 13, is, as will be seen from the drawing, tapered in both directions from the bearings toward the center, the direction of the tapering being indicated by arrows designated by numeral 21 and 22. A lubrication ring 2, extending into the oil-container 3 furnishes in well-known manner oildrops to the center ofshaft 1. Since the shaft is tapered in both directions, it will carry the oil during rotation away from the center part, in both directions, toward the ball bearings 11 and '13. It will be seen that the frame member 33, which forms part of the support of the ball bearings 13, extends into the frame member 19 and at its lower half 34 is projecting through the lubrication ring 2, thereby ascertaining the application of oil also to the left part of shaft 1. It will also be seen from the drawing that the inside of the frame members 19 and 33 are tapered toward the center. Now, when the lubrication ring 2 transports oil, on top of the revolving shaft 1, the

=, oil will partially drip down, will be caught on the tapered insides of the frame parts 19 and 33 and flow to the left and to the right toward the ball bearings 11 and 13 as indicated by the arrows 23 and 24.

The path of the oil through the ball hearing 13 in the direction of the arrows 24 and 54, through the boring in member 14, and through the oil tube 15, back into the oil container 3, is plain and need not be discussed further.

However, the passage of the oil through the bearing 11 and then in the direction of the arrows through the oil chamber 5 and through the oil tube 6, back into the oil container 3, will need a more detailed descriptlon, since important features are connected with the provisions conducting the oil on the last described path.

A bushing 12 is attached to the grinding head 4 by means of screws 36. The grind ing head, is thereby extended to the back, and this bushing 12 furn shes means and ways for definitely separating the lubricating system from the grinding chamber 16 and for providing several features which prevent the flow of oil into the grinding chamber on the one hand and which on the other hand prevent the entering of powder or dust from the grinding chamber into the oiling system.

lhe grinding head 4 which is firmly attached to the shaft 1, revolves, of course, at

high speed, so that oil flowing through the bearing 11 and back through the passage provided by the bushing 12 and the frame part 19, is forced against the bushing by centrifugal force, and will finally, at the end of the bushing 12, enter and collect in the oil chamher 5. From the oil chamber 5 it will flow through the tube 6 into the oil container 3. The oil chamber 5 in part is bounded by the ring 35 which is fastened to the stationary frame 19 by means of screws.

Fastened to the frame members 27 and 29 is the member 38 which carries the dry packing 8. Thus, it will be seen that the chamber 16 is separated from the lubricating system by the packing 8 which fits snugly to the revolving bushing 12 and by the ring 35, the inner edge of which approaches very closely to said bushing 12.

As has been mentioned in the beginning of this specification, it is very important that dust and powder in the chambers 16 and 16 be strictly prevented from entering the lubricating system. In order to reach this effectively, I have attached a plurality of circularly arranged wings 7 to the revolving grinding head 4. These Wings, it will be seen. are attached at the only place of the (A grinding chamber from which dust or powder could possibly enter the lubricating system. When the grinding head 4 revolves, the space 40 between the grinding head and the member 38 is protected by the revolving 1.1;

wings 7. Their action, as far as the grinding chamber is concerned, is comparable to the action of a fan. Dust and powder will be blown away from the space 40 by these revolving wings so that they cannot enter the lubricating. system by way of the tiny passages through the dry packing 8 and the edge of ring 35.

When the revolving head 4 during the operation of the machine rotates at very high speed the Wings 7 might effect a sort of suction action through the passages in the packing 8. This is not at all desirable, as this effect includes the danger that the oil or oil vapours enter into the chamber 16 together with the upsucked air.

It will be readily seen, that the air cham her 9. defined in part by the member 38, is provided with a number of openings 10 to the outside air, which will prevent the low pressure region created by the rotating wings 7, from extending backwardly into the oil chamber 5. Thus, the suction created by the wings 7 will merelv result in drawing fresh air into the grinding chamber 16, and will not in the least be effective to the oil chamber 5.

Therefore, oil or oil fumes from the lubricating system will not be able to ent r the grinding chamber 16, and dust or powder Even in the case that so high a static pressure should, for some reason or other develop in the grinding chamber 16, that dust and powder particles are blown through the space 40 and past the packing 8, they will not at all enter the oil chamber and with it the lubricating system but will escape to the outside by way of the air chamber 9 and the several, circularly arranged. openings 10.

It is believed that the above description will enable anyone to scrutinize the drawing and to fully understand and appreciate the scope and all the features of my invention. It will also be seen that by my invention, I have succeeded in solving the problem of separating the grinding chamber from the lubricating system which is of utmost importance in the design and operation of high speed grinding and crushing machines of the type described. The chief advantages resulting from my invention are high speed of the rotor beyond the limits which were hitherto known; safety and certainty of operation; and preservation of the mechanism due to clean and cfiicient lubrication. Many modifications may occur which I have neither shown nor described in this specification. However, I intend to claim as my invention any modification or any featuie used, which may fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Vhat I claim is:

1. In a grinding and crushing machine for pulverizing material, a crushing and grinding chamber, a rotor operative in said chamber, a shaft rotatably mounted in a plurality of ball bearings and to which said rotor is attached, an oil container, means forconi tinuously feeding oil to said bearings while said shaft and rotor are revolving, means for guiding said oil through said'bearings and.

back to said container, an oil chamber located in the oil path between one of said bearings said chamber adjacent said first separating.

means.

2. In a crushing and grinding machine, a grinding chamber, a rotor extending into said grinding chamber, a rotatable shaft for actuating said rotor, an oil container, lubricating means for continuously feeding oil to the revolving parts while said shaft and said rotor are in operation, means for circulating the oil fed to said revolving parts from the oil container and back again, a packing and a second means for separating said lubricating system from the grinding chamber, and

an air chamber arranged'adjacent said packing and provided with openings to the outside air.

3. In a grinding and crushing machine for 1 pulverizing material, in combination, a grinding chamber, an automatic lubricating system continuously operating while said machine in action, an air chamber having a plurality of openings to the atmosphere, means for separating said lubricating system from said air chamber, means for separating said an chamber from the grinding chamber, and means within said grinding chamber for impeding the passage of. pulverized material to the part of said grinding chamber 1mmediately adjacent said air chamber.

4. In a grinding machine, a grinding chamber, a shaft, a support for said shaft, rotor structure carried by said shaft and disposed in said grinding chamber, av bearing interposed between said support and said shaft, and means forming a path for passing oil toward and from said bearing, said rotor structure comprising a sleeve-like member disposed substantially concentrically about said support and defining apart of said path.

5. In a grinding machine, a grinding chamber, a shaft, a support for said shaft, rotor structure carried by said shaft and disposed in said grinding chamber, a bearing interposed between said support and said shaft, and means forming a path for passing oil toward and from said bearing, said rotor structure comprising a sleeve-like member disposed substantially concentrically about said support and defining a part of said path,

said support and said rotor structure de fining a part of said path closely adjacent said bearing and said sleeve-like member defining a part of said path further removed from said bearing.

6. In a grinding machine, a grinding chamber, a shaft, a support for said shaft, rotor structure carried by said shaft and disposed, in said grinding chamber, a bearing interposed between said support and said shaft. means forming a-path for passing oil toward and from said bearing, said rotor structure comprising a sleeve-like member- =of'material from said path to said chamber and vice versa.

7. In a grinding machine, a grinding' chamber, a shaft, a support for said shaft, rotor structure carried by said shaft and disposed in said grinding chamber, a bearing interposed between said support and said shaft, means forming a path for passing oil tono i ward and from said bearing, said rotor strucsupport and defining a part of said path, and means substantially preventing passage of material from said path to said chamber and vice versa, said last named means comprising a plurality of spaced devices coactable with said sleeve-like member.

8. In a grinding machine, a grinding chamher, a shaft, a support for said shaft, rotor structure carried by said shaft and disposed in said grinding chamber, a bearing interposed between said support and said shaft,

means forming a path for passing oil toward and from said bearing, said rotor structure comprising a sleeve-like member disposed substantially concentrically about said support and defining a part of said path, and means substantially preventing passage of material from said path to said chamber and vice versa, said last named means comprising a plurality of spaced devices coactable with said sleeve-like member, one of said devices being a packing ring and another of said devices forming an edged rin 9. In a grinding machine, a grinding chamber, a shaft, a support for said shaft, rotor structure carried by said shaft and disposed in said grinding chamber, a bearin interposed between said support and sai shaft, means forming a path for passing oil toward and from said bearing, and means for substantially preventing pulverized material from passing to said path from said grinding chamber, said last named means comprising mechanism for drawing air into said grinding chamber along a course leadingto-ward said path.

10. In a grinding machine, a grinding chamber, a shaft, a support for said shaft, rotor structure carried by said shaft and disposed in said grinding chamber, a bearing interposed between said support and said shaft, means forming a path for passing oil toward and from said bearing, and means for substantially preventing pulverized material from passing to said pathfrom said grinding chamber, said last named means comprising mechanism for drawing air into said grinding chamber along a course leading toward said path, said mechanism comprising fan structure and substantially all of the air actuated thereby coming from the outside atmosphere and not from said path.

11. In a grinding machine, a grinding chamber, a shaft, a support for said shaft, rotor structure carried by said shaft and disposed in said grinding chamber, a bearing interposed between said support and said shaft, means forming a path for passing oil toward and from said bearing, said rotor structure comprising a member which defines a part of said path, means substantially preventing passage of material from said path to said chamber and vice versa, said last named means comprising a plurality of spaced devices coactable with said member signature.

OTTO GAISER. 

